ARONIA Viking Organic Plant - 2 L pot, height 50 cm

Discover our range of professional aronia plants, specially selected for their sanitary quality, their adaptation to the terroir and their varietal performance, meeting the needs of market gardeners seeking optimal yields, sustainable production and technical expertise for all stages, from planting to harvesting.

Successful purchase of aronia plants: essential criteria for professional market gardeners

To successfully purchase plants of species such as aronia, several essential criteria must be taken into account:

The health of your plants is essential. Choose suppliers who have a phytosanitary passport issued by the relevant authorities, guaranteeing the absence of diseases or pests. Carefully examine the overall condition of your plants: they should be stocky, with shiny foliage and well-formed buds.

Adapting to the soil is crucial to ensure good recovery and growth. Choose varieties adapted to the climate and soil of your region. Native plants are often more robust and resistant to local conditions.

The size and age of the plants directly influence the time before the first harvest. Older, more developed plants will allow for faster fruiting, but require a greater initial investment.

Buying from professional nurserymen has several advantages:

• Superior plant quality , with a well-developed root system promoting better recovery. Professionals generally produce in a reasoned manner, ensuring healthy and robust plants.
• Better long-term performance. Professionally bred varieties often offer superior performance in terms of productivity and disease resistance.
• Valuable technical support. Specialist nurserymen can advise you on the choice of varieties, growing techniques, and optimal care of your plants.

Finally, prioritize geographic proximity with your supplier. This facilitates the transport of plants, reduces logistics costs, and allows for on-site visits to verify quality before purchasing.

By following these criteria and opting for professional plants, you maximize your chances of success in growing species like aronia, thus ensuring quality and profitable production in the long term.

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What type of plant should you choose for chokeberry? A practical guide for professional growers

To choose the ideal type of plant for a species like aronia, it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each option:

Plants in alveoli

These plants are grown in small cells grouped in trays. They offer good value for money and are easy to handle . Their root system is well developed , promoting rapid recovery after planting. However, they require rapid planting after purchase to avoid drying out.

Mini-ball plants

Similar to potted plants, mini-plugs are smaller and more economical. They allow for rapid growth and good recovery . Their main advantage is that they avoid root balling , a common problem with potted plants. However, they are more fragile and require rapid planting or repotting after purchase.

Bare-root plants

These plants are sold without soil around the roots. They are economical and easy to transport , but their planting is limited to the vegetative rest period (autumn-winter) . They require special attention when planting to ensure good recovery.

Potted plants

Grown in small containers, these plants offer a good compromise between root development and ease of handling . They can be planted almost all year round , except during periods of frost or high heat. Their main disadvantage is the risk of root rot if planting is too late.

Potted plants

These more developed plants allow for faster fruiting . They are ideal for late planting or for immediate effect . However, they are more expensive and heavier to handle . The risk of root rot is also higher.

Tips for choosing the right one

For aronia, the choice will depend on your production objectives and your constraints :

• For large-scale planting , plants in cells or mini-plugs are economical and offer good recovery.
• For rapid fruiting , choose plants in pots or large containers.
• If you are planting in the fall-winter , bare root plants can be a good option.

In any case, make sure you choose quality plants, adapted to your terroir , to guarantee the success of your aronia plantation.

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Recommended Aronia Varieties for Profitable Professional Production

Aronia, although still little known in France, is gaining popularity thanks to its nutritional and ornamental qualities . Here is an overview of the most common varieties in France:

Traditional varieties

• Aronia melanocarpa 'Nero' : This variety is highly valued for its large black fruits rich in antioxidants . It reaches a height of 2 meters and offers a beautiful white bloom in spring . Its foliage takes on flamboyant hues in autumn , adding ornamental value to the garden.
• Aronia melanocarpa 'Viking' : Selected for its abundant production of purplish-black berries , this variety forms an upright shrub about 1.50 to 2 meters high. It is particularly suitable for growing in orchards or fruit hedges .
• Aronia arbutifolia 'Brilliant' : This red-berried variety is distinguished by its spreading habit , reaching 2 meters in height and 2.50 to 3 meters in width. Its white to pale pink flowers in spring are followed by very decorative bright red berries .

Specific varieties

• Early: Aronia melanocarpa 'Hugin' : This compact variety, about 1 meter tall, is ideal for small spaces . It flowers early in spring (April-May) and produces edible black berries from the end of summer .
• Late: Aronia prunifolia 'Viking' : A natural hybrid between A. melanocarpa and A. arbutifolia, this variety offers later fruiting , extending the harvest season into autumn.
• Everbearing: Aronia melanocarpa 'Galicjanka' : Although the chokeberry is not naturally everbearing, some varieties like this one can produce fruit over a longer period . Native to Poland, this variety is known for its large, sweet black fruits and abundant production .

It is important to note that the taxonomy of the Aronia genus is not always clear, and some varieties may be misidentified. For professional growers, it is recommended to turn to varieties like A. mitschurinii , which are tetraploid and naturally offer larger leaves and berries , making them more suitable for commercial cultivation.

When choosing varieties, it is crucial to consider not only productivity , but also adaptation to the local terroir . Aronias are generally very hardy and not very susceptible to disease , which makes them an interesting choice for organic or permaculture cultivation.

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Aronia: Which varieties should you choose to spread out the harvest? Advice for producers

Unlike some small fruits like raspberries, there are no strictly speaking everbearing varieties of aronia . Aronia is a shrub that produces its fruit once a year , generally in late summer or early autumn.

However, some aronia varieties can offer a longer production period , which can be interesting for professionals looking to spread out their harvest . Here are some varieties recommended for their extended production:

• Aronia melanocarpa 'Galicjanka' : Native to Poland, this variety is known for its slightly longer fruiting period than standard varieties. It produces good-sized black fruits in large quantities .
• Aronia mitschurinii : This tetraploid species , derived from the work of the Russian botanist Ivan Michurin, naturally has larger fruits and a slightly more spread-out ripening period . It is particularly suitable for commercial cultivation .
• Aronia prunifolia 'Viking' : Although not everbearing, this variety offers late fruiting , which allows the harvest period to be extended when planted in association with earlier varieties.

For professionals wishing to optimize their production, it is recommended to plant several varieties with slightly staggered maturation periods . This strategy allows the harvest to be spread over a longer period, thus facilitating labor management and market supply .

It is important to note that variety performance may vary depending on local conditions . Growers are encouraged to test different varieties on a small scale before embarking on large-scale planting.

Finally, to maximize fruit production and quality , it is crucial to adopt good cultural practices . This includes proper fertilization , good weed control , and proper pruning . In organic farming, the use of organic fertilizers such as manure , slurry , or compost is recommended to promote healthy growth and abundant production .

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When is the best time to plant chokeberry? Recommendations for growers

The planting time of aronia is a crucial factor to ensure good recovery and maximize future yield . Two main seasons are recommended for planting:

Planting in autumn (from September to December)

Autumn is considered the ideal time to plant chokeberry . This autumn planting has several advantages:

• The root system remains active and grows during the winter, as long as the soil is not frozen.
• The loose soil has time to "settle" naturally during the winter, improving capillarity and water supply for the first year of growth.
• Better recovery the following spring , with faster plant growth.

Planting in spring (March to June)

Spring is also a good time to plant chokeberry. This option is particularly interesting for:

• Regions where winters are very harsh , with significant risks of frost.
• Plants purchased in containers , which can be planted almost all year round except during periods of frost or high heat.

Whichever time period you choose , it is essential to monitor weather conditions to avoid planting during periods of frost.

Additional recommendations for successful planting

• Prepare the soil in advance , enriching it with compost or well-rotted manure.
• Choose a sunny or lightly shaded location , with well-drained, slightly acidic soil (ideal pH between 5 and 6.5).
• Space plants about 1 to 1.5 meters apart in the row, and 3 to 4 meters between rows for orchard planting.
• Water thoroughly after planting and maintain good soil moisture for the first few weeks.
• Apply mulch around the base of the plants to retain moisture and limit weed competition.

By following this optimal schedule and recommendations, you will maximize the chances of success of your aronia planting, thus laying the foundation for abundant and quality production for years to come.

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Ideal conditions for professional aronia cultivation: exposure, soil, irrigation and more

For successful professional cultivation of aronia , it is essential to respect certain ideal planting conditions :

Exposure

Aronia prefers a sunny to partially shaded location . A minimum of 6 hours of direct sunlight per day is recommended for optimal growth and abundant fruit production . However, in very hot regions, light shade in the late afternoon can be beneficial to protect plants from heat stress .

Climate

Aronia is a hardy plant that adapts to a wide variety of climates. It can withstand winter temperatures down to -35°C , making it particularly suitable for temperate and continental regions . A period of winter cold is necessary to stimulate flowering and fruiting. In mild climates, it may be necessary to choose varieties with low cold requirements .

Ground

Aronia adapts to various soil types, but prefers slightly acidic soils with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5 . The soil should be well-drained and rich in organic matter . For professional cultivation, it is recommended to avoid excessively calcareous or waterlogged soils , which can hinder growth and yield.

Planting distances

For professional cultivation, the recommended planting distances are:

• Between plants in the row: 1.5 to 2 meters
• Between rows: 3 to 4 meters

These distances allow good aeration of the plants , facilitate maintenance and mechanical harvesting . For a dense hedge , the spacing can be reduced to 2 plants per linear meter .

Ground preparation

Before planting, it is crucial to remove all weeds and enrich the soil with organic matter . Deep plowing followed by fine harrowing will create an optimal planting bed .

Irrigation

Although chokeberry is relatively drought tolerant once established, an irrigation system is recommended for commercial crops , especially during the first two years and during periods of summer drought .

By adhering to these ideal planting conditions , professional growers can maximize the growth and yield potential of their aronia plants, ensuring viable and sustainable commercial production .

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Which soil should you choose for growing chokeberry? A technical guide for professional market gardeners

Aronia is a relatively undemanding shrub that adapts to different types of soil, but certain conditions are more favorable for its optimal development and abundant fruit production .

Favorable soil types

Aronia prefers soils rich in organic matter and well-drained . Fertile soils of classes III to V are generally recommended for growing aronia. However, excessively rich soils (class I-II) should be avoided as they can lead to excessive vegetative growth at the expense of fruiting.

Recommended pH

The optimal pH for growing chokeberry is between 5.5 and 6.5 . This slight acidity promotes nutrient absorption by the roots and allows for optimal development of the shrub. It is advisable to check the soil pH before planting and, if necessary, apply lime to adjust the acidity.

Drainage

Good drainage is crucial for the health of aronia plants. Poorly drained soils can cause root asphyxiation and promote fungal diseases . If natural drainage is insufficient, it may be necessary to install drains or create mounds to improve water flow.

Necessary amendments

To optimize the growth of aronia, it is recommended to enrich the soil with organic matter before planting. Adding compost or well-rotted manure improves soil structure and provides the shrub with the necessary nutrients. On weaker soils, fertilizing with manure about two weeks before planting can be beneficial.

Soil preparation

Proper soil preparation before planting is essential for optimal aronia growth. It is important to keep the ground free of weeds , especially for young plants, which are susceptible to weeds up to the age of four. Ploughing followed by harrowing creates a favourable planting bed .

Adaptation to difficult conditions

Although chokeberry prefers optimal conditions, it can adapt to less favorable soils . However, in shallow soils or dry sites , growth will be slower and stunted. Similarly, in waterlogged soils , chokeberry plants may vegetate and exhibit limited growth.

In summary , for successful professional cultivation of aronia, favor a slightly acidic soil , rich in organic matter and well drained . Proper preparation of the ground and the addition of appropriate amendments will help create optimal conditions for the development and productivity of your aronia plants.

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Creating an Aronia Plot: Key Steps for Successful Production

To successfully start a chokeberry patch , follow these essential steps :

Ground preparation

• Carefully remove all weeds from the planting area.
• Perform a soil test to determine the pH and nutrients present. Aronia prefers a pH between 5.5 and 6.5 .
• Add compost or well-rotted manure to enrich the soil with organic matter.
• Plow and harrow the land to create an optimal planting bed.

Choice of varieties

• Choose varieties suited to your climate and production objectives .
• The 'Nero' variety is recommended for its great elasticity of shoots and its moderate height , facilitating mechanical harvesting .
• Consider two- or three-year-old plants for faster fruit set .

Practical organization of plantations

• Plant in autumn (October-December) or spring (March-April) depending on your region.
• Space plants 1.5 to 2 meters apart in the row and 3 to 4 meters between rows.
• To facilitate maintenance and harvesting, align the rows straight and parallel . Using a GPS-guided tractor can be beneficial.

Planting techniques

• Dig holes twice as large as the root ball of the shrub.
• Plant aronias 5 cm deep to encourage the production of new shoots.
• Lightly pack the soil around the plant and water thoroughly .

Post-planting care

• Install an irrigation system , ideally drip irrigation , to ensure a regular water supply.
• Apply mulch (BRF or straw) to retain moisture and limit weeds .
• Allow at least 10 meters of space at the end of the field if you plan to harvest mechanically .

Fertilization and maintenance

• Use a balanced fertilizer for fruit shrubs, following the manufacturer's recommendations.
• Monitor plants regularly for signs of disease or pests .

By following these steps, you will lay the foundation for a productive and sustainable aronia plot . Remember that patience is required , as optimal production will not be reached for 3 to 4 years .

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Optimizing Aronia Cultivation: Varietal Associations and Beneficial Companion Plants

The careful combination of different chokeberry varieties and companion plants can greatly improve the health and productivity of your plot. Although chokeberry is self-fertile , cross-pollination between varieties can increase yields and fruit quality .

To optimize pollination , it is recommended to plant at least two different varieties of chokeberry side by side. For example, combining 'Nero' with 'Viking' or 'Galicjanka' ensures better fertilization of the flowers . This varietal diversity also helps to spread out the harvest period .

Recommended companion plants

• Honey plants : Lavender , thyme or borage attract bees and other pollinating insects, thus promoting the fruiting of the aronia.
• Aromatic plants : Rosemary , sage or mint can repel certain harmful insects thanks to their essential oils.
• Legumes : Clovers or alfalfa , planted between the rows, fix nitrogen in the soil , thus benefiting the nutrition of the aronia.
• Garlic and onion : These plants can be grown nearby to repel certain pests and reduce the risk of fungal diseases .
• Chamomile : This plant attracts beneficial insects that feed on aphids and other pests.

Create a balanced ecosystem

For protection against diseases and pests , diversity is key . Incorporating hedges composed of local species around the aronia patch can create a balanced ecosystem , encouraging the presence of birds and insects that are natural predators of pests.

Associations to avoid

It is important to note that some associations can be unfavorable . Avoid planting aronia in the immediate vicinity of fruit trees susceptible to the same diseases , such as apple or pear trees , to limit the risk of cross-contamination .

By adopting these association strategies , you will create a more resilient and productive environment for your aronia crop, while promoting biodiversity on your farm.

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Aronia Care: Best Practices for a Healthy and Productive Crop

Aronia care is relatively simple, but certain practices are essential to ensure healthy growth and optimal fruit production .

Watering

Aronia requires regular watering , especially during the first two years after planting and during periods of drought . A drip irrigation system is recommended to provide consistent moisture to the plants. Water at the base of the plant to avoid wetting the foliage, which can encourage the development of fungal diseases . Keep the soil moist but not soggy , being careful not to let the soil dry out completely between waterings.

Fertilization

For optimal growth , apply a balanced fertilizer specially formulated for fruit shrubs in early spring . When growing organically, favor the use of organic fertilizers such as manure , slurry , or compost . Light fertilization in spring is usually sufficient, but avoid overdoing it. Adding compost in the fall can also be beneficial to enrich the soil with nutrients.

Preventive treatments

Aronia is generally resistant to diseases and pests , but certain preventative measures can boost its health:

• Maintain good spacing between plants to promote air circulation .
• Apply mulch around plants to conserve moisture and reduce weed competition .
• Prune regularly in spring to remove dead, damaged or diseased branches .
• Monitor your plants regularly to quickly detect any signs of disease or infestation.

Curative treatments

If you have any problems, here are some curative treatments to consider:

• For fungal infections such as scab or rust, apply a biological fungicide or 1% Bordeaux mixture .
• In case of aphid or mite infestation , use a natural insecticide based on black soap or neem oil .
• For pear sawfly larvae , which can sometimes attack aronia, manually remove the larvae or use a specific biological insecticide .

General maintenance

Perform regular pruning to remove affected branches, improve air circulation and stimulate new growth . Keep the area around the plants weed-free , especially for the first 2 to 3 years .

By following these care practices , you will promote the health and productivity of your aronia plants, while minimizing the risk of disease and infestations.

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Aronia Pruning: Professional Techniques for Optimal Production

Pruning and training aronia trees are essential to optimize their growth and fruit production . Here are the specific techniques recommended:

Formative pruning (1 to 3 years after planting)

• Remove low branches to promote an airy structure.
• Keep 3 to 5 vigorous main stems to form the framework of the shrub.
• Trim weak or misdirected side shoots to encourage balanced growth.

Maintenance pruning (from the ^4th year)

• Carry out the main pruning at the end of winter , before bud break.
• Remove about 1/3 of the oldest branches (4-5 years old) at the base to stimulate the growth of new productive shoots.
• Remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches to improve air circulation.
• Shorten this year's shoots by about 1/3 of their length to encourage branching.

Specific techniques to improve production

• Practice open goblet pruning to maximize sun exposure and facilitate harvesting.
• Maintain a height of 1.5 to 2 meters for easy maintenance and picking.
• Alternate heavy pruning (1/3 of the branches) every other year with light pruning to balance growth and production.

For mechanized crops

• Train the plants into a fruit hedge by regularly trimming the sides to maintain a width of 1 to 1.5 meters.
• Carry out mechanical pruning of the tops to a height of approximately 2 meters to facilitate the passage of machines.

Pruning aronia should be adapted to the age of the plant and the production objective . Regular and well-conducted pruning will promote an abundant harvest of quality fruit while maintaining the vigor and health of the shrubs .

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Aronia Diseases: Rapid Diagnosis and Effective Treatments for Growers

Aronia is generally considered a hardy, disease-resistant plant . However, some diseases can occur , especially in adverse environmental conditions . Here are the most common diseases of aronia, their quick identification, and appropriate solutions:

Rust

Identification: Orange, red or brownish spots on the leaves, developing into pustules filled with spores.

Solutions:

• Organic : Remove infected leaves, improve air circulation between plants, apply Bordeaux mixture.
• Conventional : Use copper-based fungicides.

Scab

Identification: Black or brown spots on leaves and fruits, corky lesions on fruits.

Solutions:

• Organic : Regularly clean up dead leaves and fallen fruit, space plants to improve air circulation.
• Conventional : Apply scab-specific fungicides.

Leaf blight

Identification: Leaves showing burnt or dried areas.

Solutions:

• Organic : Improve soil drainage, avoid sprinkler irrigation.
• Conventional : Use systemic fungicides in case of severe infection.

Root rot

Identification: Yellowing of leaves, slowed growth, progressive decline of the plant.

Solutions:

• Organic : Improve soil drainage, avoid excess water, use compost rich in beneficial microorganisms.
• Conventional : Apply specific fungicides for root diseases.

Prevention

To prevent these diseases, it is essential to:

• Maintain good orchard hygiene
• Ensure adequate air circulation between plants
• Avoid excess humidity
• Monitor plants regularly to detect any problems early

If in doubt about identifying a disease or for treatment advice tailored to your specific situation, consult an arboriculture expert or local agricultural services .

A preventative approach , combined with sound cultural practices , remains the best strategy for maintaining the health of your aronia plants.

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Aronia pests: monitoring and integrated control for a protected crop

Aronia is generally pest resistant , but some pests can affect its cultivation . Regular monitoring and an integrated pest management approach are essential to protect plantations. Here are the main pests to watch for and the recommended prevention and control methods :

Aphids

Identification: Small green, black or brown insects grouped on young shoots and under leaves.

• Prevention: Encourage the presence of beneficial insects such as ladybugs and lacewings .
• Control: Spray a strong jet of water to dislodge them, use black soap or neem oil in case of significant infestation.

Dust mites

Identification: Tiny red spiders visible under a magnifying glass, causing yellowing of the leaves .

• Prevention: Maintain good humidity around plants to avoid dry conditions favorable to mites.
• Control: Spray water on the foliage, apply sulfur-based miticides in case of severe infestation.

Pear sawfly

Identification: Green, caterpillar-like larvae that eat leaves .

• Prevention: Monitor plants regularly, especially in spring.
• Control: Manually remove the larvae , use a biological insecticide based on Bacillus thuringiensis if necessary.

Birds

Identification: Visible damage on ripe fruit.

• Prevention: Install protective nets or sound scarers .
• Fight: Use reflective strips or scare balloons .

Integrated pest management approach

• Regular monitoring: Inspect your plants at least once a week for any signs of infestation.
• Promote biodiversity: Plant honey-producing species nearby to attract beneficial insects.
• Cultivation techniques: Maintain good air circulation and avoid excess nitrogen in fertilization.
• Using Traps: Set yellow chromatic traps to monitor and reduce pest insect populations.
• Biological treatments: Favor natural solutions such as plant purines (nettle, horsetail) or repellent essential oils .
• Chemical treatments: As a last resort, use approved plant protection products , respecting the recommended doses and application periods .

The key to effective protection of aronia crops lies in a preventative approach and rapid intervention at the first signs of infestation. By combining these integrated pest management methods , you can keep your plants healthy while minimizing the impact on the environment .

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Aronia Harvest: Techniques and Indicators for Optimal Quality

Harvesting aronia berries is a crucial step in ensuring commercial quality and maximizing the berries' nutritional value . Here are the key points to consider for efficient and quality-conscious harvesting:

Harvest period

Aronia harvesting is usually done from late August to early October , depending on the variety and weather conditions . The optimal time is when the fruits have a uniform shiny black color and their stalks turn from green to light red . Do not harvest too early , as immature fruits have a lower antioxidant and sugar content .

Maturity indicators

To determine the ideal harvest time, the Brix or Oechsle degree is generally used to measure the sugar content of the berries. A level of 16 to 20% Brix indicates optimal ripeness . The antioxidant content increases with the Brix degree, so it is beneficial to wait until full ripeness .

Harvesting methods

Manual harvesting

• Ideal for small plots , sloping land or young plants .
• Allows precise selection of ripe fruit.
• Carefully pick the berries individually or in whole bunches.

Mechanical harvesting

• Suitable for large production areas .
• Use of berry harvesters or suitable grape harvesting machines .
• Carefully adjust the force of the shakers to avoid damaging the plants or tearing off too many leaves.

Preservation of quality

Aronia is a hardy fruit that keeps well after harvest. For optimal commercial quality :

• Harvest in dry weather to avoid excess moisture on the fruit.
• Handle berries carefully to avoid bruising.
• Cool fruit quickly after harvest to slow down deterioration.
• Store in clean, ventilated containers .
• For longer storage, berries can be frozen quickly after harvest.

Harvest frequency

For optimal quality , it is recommended to harvest in one go when the majority of the fruit is ripe. However, a gradual harvest can be considered to spread out production or adapt to labor constraints .

By following these recommendations, aronia growers can ensure efficient harvesting while preserving the commercial and nutritional quality of the fruit, thus ensuring a high-value product for the market.

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Aronia Propagation: Professional Techniques for Large-Scale Production

Aronia propagation can be done using several methods, each with its advantages and limitations for professional production . Here are the main techniques used:

Cuttings

Cuttings are an effective and widely used method for propagating chokeberry. It can be done at different times of the year:

• Herbaceous cuttings : Carried out in June, it uses tender shoots from the current year.
• Semi-woody cuttings : Carried out in September-October, it uses partially ripened shoots.
• Wood cuttings : Done in autumn with ripened branches from the previous year.

To optimize cuttings:

• Take cuttings 10 to 15 cm long
• Treat them with a rooting hormone
• Plant them in a light, well-draining substrate

This method allows rapid and faithful multiplication of selected varieties , which is a major asset in professional production.

Layering

Layering is a natural technique for chokeberry, which often produces suckers. Two types are possible:

• Layering : Part of a low branch is buried without detaching it from the mother plant.
• Air layering : Carried out on higher branches by wrapping part of the branch with a moist substrate.

This method is less common in professional production because it is slower and more labor intensive.

Division

Division involves separating the suckers or clumps of aronia into several plants. Effective with this species, it can be done in spring or autumn .

Benefits :

• Produces more developed plants than cuttings
• Allows for faster production launch

Advantages and limitations in professional production

• Cuttings are generally preferred: rapid multiplication , in large numbers, of genetically identical plants . However, this requires specific equipment (greenhouses, misting).
• Division allows for the production of marketable plants more quickly, but the number of mother plants limits its scope.
• Layering , although natural for aronia, is less suitable for mass production due to its slowness.

For efficient professional production , it is recommended to combine these methods according to the objectives and available resources. Cuttings remain the method of choice for rapid multiplication on a large scale, while division is useful for renewing plots or obtaining vigorous plants .

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Aronia: complete botanical information for professional growers

Aronia , also known as chokeberry , is a genus of deciduous shrubs in the Rosaceae family . This genus mainly includes three species:

• Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry)
• Aronia arbutifolia (red chokeberry)
• Aronia prunifolia (purple chokeberry)

Botanical characteristics

• Compact shrubby habit , generally reaching 1 to 3 meters in height
• Simple, alternate leaves , oval to elliptical, with finely toothed edges
• Spring flowering (April-May) composed of small white or pinkish flowers grouped in corymbs
• Spherical fruits 6 to 13 mm in diameter, shiny black, bright red or dark purple depending on the species

Botanical classification

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Division: Magnoliophyta
• Class: Magnoliopsida
• Order: Rosales
• Family: Rosaceae
• Genus: Aronia

Main biological characteristics

• Great hardiness , withstanding winter temperatures down to -35°C
• Preference for slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5 to 6.5), well drained but with good water retention
• Self-fertility , although cross-pollination can improve yields
• Relatively rapid growth , with fruiting in the third year after planting
• Fruits rich in antioxidants (anthocyanins, polyphenols) with nutritional and medicinal properties

Aronia is particularly suitable for organic cultivation thanks to its natural resistance to diseases and pests . Its ability to produce suckers makes it an interesting species for soil stabilization and the creation of fruit hedges .

As a species, aronia plays an important ecological role by providing food and shelter to various species of birds and pollinating insects . Its cultivation actively contributes to the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems.

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Origins and history of aronia: from Native American medicinal plant to strategic European cultivation

Aronia is native to northeastern North America , where it is found growing wild from Labrador to Florida . This plant was already known and used by Native Americans , who consumed it as a "healing plant" and incorporated it into the preparation of pemmican , a concentrated food used during hunting or war expeditions.

The introduction of chokeberry to Europe dates back to the beginning of the ^20th century. The Russian botanist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855-1935) played a crucial role in this process. Fascinated by the nutritional properties of chokeberry , he undertook numerous hybridization projects to obtain more productive plants that were resistant to the continental climate . Thus, chokeberry was introduced to Russia in the early 1900s, initially as a medicinal plant .

In 1946 , chokeberry reached a significant milestone when it was officially included in the list of fruits recommended for consumption in the planned economy of the USSR. This recognition marked the beginning of its expansion throughout Russia and the countries of Eastern Europe .

In the 1970s , interest in aronia grew considerably. Much scientific research was conducted, leading to its official recognition as a medicinal and phytotherapeutic plant . It was used for its diuretic properties , its action on blood pressure , and to treat various conditions, from cardiovascular diseases to dermatological disorders .

The expansion of chokeberry cultivation continued in Europe, first in the former East Germany , then in several Balkan countries and Scandinavia . It was not until 2007 that its cultivation expanded in Switzerland , and soon after in France and Belgium .

Today, Poland has become the world leader in chokeberry production, demonstrating the successful adaptation of this North American plant to European conditions . Growing interest in its nutritional properties and ease of cultivation make it an increasingly popular species in organic farming and permaculture .

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